Section 2 - Limitations

Speed Limitations

SPEED

KIAS

KCAS

REMARKS

VNE

Never exceed speed

167

168

Do not exceed this speed in any operation.

VNO

Maximum Structural Cruising Speed

135

133

Do not exceed this speed except in smooth air, and only with caution.

VA

Design Manoeuvring Speed

118

117

Do not make full or abrupt control movement above

this speed, because under certain conditions the aircraftmay be overstressed by full control movement.

VO

Operating Manoeuvring Speed

VLE

Maximum Landing Gear Extended Speed

93

92

Do not exceed this speed with the landing gear extended.

VLO

Maximum Landing Gear Operating Speed

93

92

Do not exceed this speed when operating the landing gear.

VFE

Maximum Flaps Extended Speed

FULL

93

92

Do not exceed this speed for indicated flaps setting.

T.O.

119

117

VMC

Aircraft Minimum Controls Speed with one engine inoperative

62

62

Do not reduce speed below this value in event of one

engine inoperative condition.


Airspeed Indicator Markings

MARKING

KIAS

EXPLANATION

White arc

53 – 93

Lower limit is VSO, upper limit is the maximum allowable speed with flaps extended in FULL position.

Red line

62

Minimum aircraft control speed with one engine inoperative and flaps set to T.O.

Green arc

66 – 135

Normal aircraft operating range (lower limit is VS1, stall speed in “clean” configuration, and upper limit is the maximum structural cruise speed VNO).

Blue line

80

Best rate-of-climb speed with one engine inoperativeat sea level.

Yellow arc

135 – 167

Speed range where manoeuvres must be conducted with caution and only in smooth air.

Red line

167

Maximum speed for all operations.


Powerplant Limitations

Following table reports the operating limitations for both engines installed:

Engine Manufacturer: Bombardier Rotax GmbH.

Engine Model: 912 S3

Maximum Power:

Max Power

kW (hp)

Max rpm.

Prop. rpm (engine)

Time max.

(minutes)

Max. T.O.

73.5 (98.6)

2388 (5800)

5

Max. Cont.

69 (92.5)

2265 (5500)

-

Temperatures:

  • Max CHT: 135°C

  • Max CT:120°C

  • Min/Max Oil: 50°C / 130°C

  • Oil normal operating range (approx.): 90°C / 110°C

Oil Pressure (below 1400 rpm prop):

  • Minimum: 0.8 Bar / 12 psi

  • Normal: 2-5 Bar / 29-73 psi

  • Maximum: 7 Bar / 102 psi

Fuel pressure:

  • Minimum: 0.15 Bar / 2.2 psi

  • Maximum 0.40 Bar / 5.8 psi


Maximum Operating Altitude

Maximum operating altitude is 14000 ft (4260 m) MSL.


Ambient Temperature

Ambient temperature: from -25°C to +50°C. Flight in expected and/or known icing conditions is forbidden.


Powerplant Instruments Markings

INSTRUMENT

RED LINE

Minimum limit

GREEN ARC

Normal operating

YELLOW ARC

Caution

RED LINE

Maximum limit

Propeller

RPM

----

580 - 2265

2265 - 2388

2388

Oil temp.

°C

50

90 – 110

50 – 90

130

CT

°C

----

50 – 120

----

120

CHT

°C

----

50 – 135

----

135

Oil pressure

Bar

0.8

2 – 5

0.8 – 2

7

Fuel press.

Psi

2.2

2.2 – 5.8

----

5.8

Fuel Qty.

litres

0*

----

----

----

"0" Indication

Shows the unusable fuel quantity (2,8 litres for each fuel tank).


Other Instruments Markings

INSTRUMENT

RED LINE

Minimum limit

GREEN ARC

Normal operating

YELLOW ARC

Caution

RED LINE

Maximum limit

Voltmeter

10,5 Volt

12 - 14 Volt

----

----


Warnings, Cautions and Advisories Lights

Warnings (RED)

Cause

LH OVERVOLT

LH electric system overvoltage

RH OVERVOLT

RH electric system overvoltage

MAIN DOOR OPEN ALERT

Main door open and/or unlocked

REAR DOOR OPEN ALERT

Rear door open and/or unlocked

LH LOW COOLANT

Left engine - coolant liquid low level

RH LOW COOLANT

Right engine - coolant liquid low level

LH ENGINE FIRE

Left engine compartment: fire detected

RH ENGINE FIRE

Right engine compartment: fire detected

LG TRANSITION

(warning light installed near the

landing gear control lever)

One or more legs are in transition phase and/or

the selected retracted/extended position is not yet

reached.

Cautions (Amber)

Cause

LH GENERATOR

LH generator failure

RH GENERATOR

RH generator failure

EXT POWER

External electrical supply connected

PITOT HEAT

Pitot heating system failure/not activated

GEAR PUMP ON

LG pump electrically supplied

Advisories (Green)

Indication

LH FUEL PUMP

Left engine - electrical fuel pump ON

RH FUEL PUMP

Right engine - electrical fuel pump ON

PITOT HEAT

Pitot heating system ON

LG Down & Locked

(3 advisory lights, one for each leg, installed

near the landing gear control lever)

Landing gear extended and locked


Weights

Condition

Weight

Maximum takeoff weight

1180 kg

2601 lb

Maximum landing weight

1180 kg

2601 lb

Maximum zero wing fuel weight

1145 kg

2524 lb


Approved Maneuvers

The aircraft is certified in normal category in accordance with EASA CS-23 regulation.

Non aerobatic operations include:

  • Any manoeuvre pertaining to “normal” flight

  • Stalls (except whip stalls)

  • Lazy eights

  • Turns in which the angle of bank is not more than 60°

  • Chandelle


Maneuvers Load Factor Limits

Maneuver load factors limits are as follows:

Positive

Negative

+ 3.8 g

- 1.78 g

Maneuver load factors limits with flaps extended are as follows:

Positive

Negative

+ 2 g

0 g


Flight Crew

  • Minimum crew: 1 pilot

  • Maximum number of occupants: 4 people (including the pilot)


Flight Conditions

The aircraft can be equipped for following flight operations:

  • VFR Day and Night

  • IFR Day and Night including IMC

Flight in expected and/or known icing conditions, in proximity of storms or severe turbulence is forbidden.


Fuel

  • 2 Tanks: 100 litres each one (26.42 US gallons)

  • Maximum Capacity: 200 litres (52.8 US gallons)

  • Maximum Usable Fuel: 194.4 litres (51.35 US gallons)

  • Approved Fuel: MOGAS / AVGAS