Section 2 - Limitations
Speed Limitations
SPEED | KIAS | KCAS | REMARKS | ||
VNE | Never exceed speed | 167 | 168 | Do not exceed this speed in any operation. | |
VNO | Maximum Structural Cruising Speed | 135 | 133 | Do not exceed this speed except in smooth air, and only with caution. | |
VA | Design Manoeuvring Speed | 118 | 117 | Do not make full or abrupt control movement above this speed, because under certain conditions the aircraftmay be overstressed by full control movement. | |
VO | Operating Manoeuvring Speed | ||||
VLE | Maximum Landing Gear Extended Speed | 93 | 92 | Do not exceed this speed with the landing gear extended. | |
VLO | Maximum Landing Gear Operating Speed | 93 | 92 | Do not exceed this speed when operating the landing gear. | |
VFE | Maximum Flaps Extended Speed | FULL | 93 | 92 | Do not exceed this speed for indicated flaps setting. |
T.O. | 119 | 117 | |||
VMC | Aircraft Minimum Controls Speed with one engine inoperative | 62 | 62 | Do not reduce speed below this value in event of one engine inoperative condition. |
Airspeed Indicator Markings
MARKING | KIAS | EXPLANATION |
White arc | 53 – 93 | Lower limit is VSO, upper limit is the maximum allowable speed with flaps extended in FULL position. |
Red line | 62 | Minimum aircraft control speed with one engine inoperative and flaps set to T.O. |
Green arc | 66 – 135 | Normal aircraft operating range (lower limit is VS1, stall speed in “clean” configuration, and upper limit is the maximum structural cruise speed VNO). |
Blue line | 80 | Best rate-of-climb speed with one engine inoperativeat sea level. |
Yellow arc | 135 – 167 | Speed range where manoeuvres must be conducted with caution and only in smooth air. |
Red line | 167 | Maximum speed for all operations. |
Powerplant Limitations
Following table reports the operating limitations for both engines installed:
Engine Manufacturer: Bombardier Rotax GmbH.
Engine Model: 912 S3
Maximum Power:
Max Power kW (hp) | Max rpm. Prop. rpm (engine) | Time max. (minutes) | |
Max. T.O. | 73.5 (98.6) | 2388 (5800) | 5 |
Max. Cont. | 69 (92.5) | 2265 (5500) | - |
Temperatures:
Max CHT: 135°C
Max CT:120°C
Min/Max Oil: 50°C / 130°C
Oil normal operating range (approx.): 90°C / 110°C
Oil Pressure (below 1400 rpm prop):
Minimum: 0.8 Bar / 12 psi
Normal: 2-5 Bar / 29-73 psi
Maximum: 7 Bar / 102 psi
Fuel pressure:
Minimum: 0.15 Bar / 2.2 psi
Maximum 0.40 Bar / 5.8 psi
Maximum Operating Altitude
Maximum operating altitude is 14000 ft (4260 m) MSL.
Ambient Temperature
Ambient temperature: from -25°C to +50°C. Flight in expected and/or known icing conditions is forbidden.
Powerplant Instruments Markings
INSTRUMENT | RED LINE Minimum limit | GREEN ARC Normal operating | YELLOW ARC Caution | RED LINE Maximum limit | |
Propeller | RPM | ---- | 580 - 2265 | 2265 - 2388 | 2388 |
Oil temp. | °C | 50 | 90 – 110 | 50 – 90 | 130 |
CT | °C | ---- | 50 – 120 | ---- | 120 |
CHT | °C | ---- | 50 – 135 | ---- | 135 |
Oil pressure | Bar | 0.8 | 2 – 5 | 0.8 – 2 | 7 |
Fuel press. | Psi | 2.2 | 2.2 – 5.8 | ---- | 5.8 |
Fuel Qty. | litres | 0* | ---- | ---- | ---- |
"0" Indication
Shows the unusable fuel quantity (2,8 litres for each fuel tank).
Other Instruments Markings
INSTRUMENT | RED LINE Minimum limit | GREEN ARC Normal operating | YELLOW ARC Caution | RED LINE Maximum limit |
Voltmeter | 10,5 Volt | 12 - 14 Volt | ---- | ---- |
Warnings, Cautions and Advisories Lights
Warnings (RED) | Cause |
LH OVERVOLT | LH electric system overvoltage |
RH OVERVOLT | RH electric system overvoltage |
MAIN DOOR OPEN ALERT | Main door open and/or unlocked |
REAR DOOR OPEN ALERT | Rear door open and/or unlocked |
LH LOW COOLANT | Left engine - coolant liquid low level |
RH LOW COOLANT | Right engine - coolant liquid low level |
LH ENGINE FIRE | Left engine compartment: fire detected |
RH ENGINE FIRE | Right engine compartment: fire detected |
LG TRANSITION (warning light installed near the landing gear control lever) | One or more legs are in transition phase and/or the selected retracted/extended position is not yet reached. |
Cautions (Amber) | Cause |
LH GENERATOR | LH generator failure |
RH GENERATOR | RH generator failure |
EXT POWER | External electrical supply connected |
PITOT HEAT | Pitot heating system failure/not activated |
GEAR PUMP ON | LG pump electrically supplied |
Advisories (Green) | Indication |
LH FUEL PUMP | Left engine - electrical fuel pump ON |
RH FUEL PUMP | Right engine - electrical fuel pump ON |
PITOT HEAT | Pitot heating system ON |
LG Down & Locked (3 advisory lights, one for each leg, installed near the landing gear control lever) | Landing gear extended and locked |
Weights
Condition | Weight | |
Maximum takeoff weight | 1180 kg | 2601 lb |
Maximum landing weight | 1180 kg | 2601 lb |
Maximum zero wing fuel weight | 1145 kg | 2524 lb |
Approved Maneuvers
The aircraft is certified in normal category in accordance with EASA CS-23 regulation.
Non aerobatic operations include:
Any manoeuvre pertaining to “normal” flight
Stalls (except whip stalls)
Lazy eights
Turns in which the angle of bank is not more than 60°
Chandelle
Maneuvers Load Factor Limits
Maneuver load factors limits are as follows: | |
Positive | Negative |
+ 3.8 g | - 1.78 g |
Maneuver load factors limits with flaps extended are as follows: | |
Positive | Negative |
+ 2 g | 0 g |
Flight Crew
Minimum crew: 1 pilot
Maximum number of occupants: 4 people (including the pilot)
Flight Conditions
The aircraft can be equipped for following flight operations:
VFR Day and Night
IFR Day and Night including IMC
Flight in expected and/or known icing conditions, in proximity of storms or severe turbulence is forbidden.
Fuel
2 Tanks: 100 litres each one (26.42 US gallons)
Maximum Capacity: 200 litres (52.8 US gallons)
Maximum Usable Fuel: 194.4 litres (51.35 US gallons)
Approved Fuel: MOGAS / AVGAS