Section 3 - Normal Procedures

Airspeeds

Normal Operations

The following airspeeds are those which are significant for normal operations, with reference to 1180 kg MTOW.

FLAPS

MTOW 1180 kg

Rotation Speed (in takeoff, VR)

T/O

64 KIAS

Best Angle-of-Climb Speed (VX)

73 KIAS

Best Rate-of-Climb speed (VY)

80 KIAS

Approach speed

T/O

90 KIAS

Final Approach Speed

FULL

70 KIAS

Manoeuvring speed (VA)

118 KIAS

Never Exceed Speed (VNE)

167 KIAS<

Single Engine Training

VSE is a speed selected as training aid for pilots in the handling of multi-engine aircraft. It is the minimum speed for intentionally rendering on engine inoperative in flight. This minimum speed provides the margin the manufacturer recommends for us when intentionally performing engine inoperative manoeuvres during training. The best practice to perform single engine training is to retard one engine to the flight parameters equivalent to a dead engine.

A simulated feather condition is obtained with propeller lever full forward and throttle lever set at 13.5 in Hg MAP at 70-90 KIAS and 2000-4000 ft (density altitude).

Recommended safe simulated OEI speed (VSSE): 70 KIAS


Pre-Flight Check - Aircraft Walk-Around

Disclaimer

The following content is based on a real checklist of the aircraft type, but is adapted to the flight simulator version and therefore not to be used for real aviation.

To perform the aircraft walk-around, carry out the checklists according to the pattern shown in Figure below.

1FuelCheck whether fuel is sufficient for flight or not.

Flaps

Check flap knob position with the actual flap position.

Flight Controls

Check flight controls movement with its corresponding Aileron/Elevator/Rudder.

Gear Indication

Check Gear Indication whether it's all 3 greens or not.

2

LH Tire Inflation/Condition

Check left tire inflation/condition by clicking the tire.

LH Wheel Chock

Remove left wheel chock by clicking the chock.

LH Propeller Rotation

Rotate the propeller until you hear a "burp" sound twice for a proper oil distribution.

3

LH Aileron

Check the Aileron movement by clicking the aileron to ensure the aileron working properly.

LH Tie-Down

Click the Tie-Down to remove it and stow it inside the aircraft.

4

Elevator

Check the Elevator movement by clicking the aileron to ensure the aileron working properly.

Rudder

Check the Rudder movement by clicking the aileron to ensure the aileron working properly.

5

RH Aileron

Check the Aileron movement by clicking the aileron to ensure the aileron working properly.

RH Tie-Down

Click the Tie-Down to remove it and stow it inside the aircraft.

6

Tire Inflation/Condition

Check right tire inflation/condition by clicking the tire.

RH Wheel Chock

Remove right wheel chock by clicking the chock.

RH Propeller Rotation

Rotate the propeller until you hear a "burp" sound twice for a proper oil distribution.

7

Pitot Covers

Click the Pitot Cover both Left and Right side to remove it and stow it inside the aircraft.

8

Front Tire Inflation/Condition

Check front tire inflation/condition by clicking the tire.

9

Front Wheel Chock

Remove front wheel chock by clicking the chock.


Cockpit Inspections

1Parking brakeCHECK ENGAGED

2

Weight and balance

CHECK if within the limits

3

PFD and MFD

CHECK clean

4

Doors

CLOSED

5

Landing gear control lever

CHECK DOWN

6

Breakers

All IN

7

MASTER SWITCH

ON

8

Fuel quantity

CHECK

9

RH fuel selector

RIGHT

10

LH fuel selector

LEFT

11

RH Electrical Fuel Pump

ON, check fuel pressure gauge correct operation.

12

RH Electrical Fuel pump

OFF, check pressure decreased at zero

13

LH Electrical Fuel Pump

ON, check fuel pressure gauge correct operation.

14

LH Electrical Fuel pump

OFF, check pressure decreased at zero

15

Strobe light

ON

16

Landing gear lights

TEST

17

ELT

CHECK set to ARM

18

Flight controls

CHECK free

19

Flaps

Operate control to FULL position. Verify extension. Retract flaps.

20

Pitch trim control

Set to neutral position.

21

Rudder trim control

Set to neutral position.

22

Eng. Starting Battery Voltmeter (if installed)

Check 12 to 14 Volt


Engine Starting

Right engine starting

1

RH Throttle Lever

1/3 open

2

RH Carburetor heat

OFF

3

RH Propeller Lever

FULL FORWARD

4

RH CHOKE

ON if required

Realistic Operation Mode

If Realistic Operation Mode selected, the rotax engine has a special oil distribution system that needs to be operated correctly before starting the engine: You need to rotate the prop manually until a bubbling noise heard from the engine. That means the oil pushed through all pipes. Then repeat this a second time. The number of rotations until the first bubbling noise is heardd epends on the Oil Temperature.

You can bypass this by selecting "Prepare for departure" on the EFB Walkaround page.

5RH Electrical Fuel PumpON, check advisory light ON and positive fuel press build up

6

STROBES

ON

7

RH Ignition switches

BOTH ON

8

RH Start pushbutton

PUSH

9

RH engine oil gauge

CHECK if increasing within 10 sec. (max 7 bar in cold operation)

10

RH Throttle lever

Advance to reach 1200 RPM

11

RH Choke

OFF

12

RH Field

ON

13

RH Avionics

ON

14

RH Cross bus

ON

15

RH Electrical fuel pump

OFF

Left engine starting

1

LH Throttle Lever

1/3 open

2

LH Carburetor heat

OFF

3

LH Propeller Lever

FULL FORWARD

4

LH CHOKE

ON if required

Realistic Operation Mode

If Realistic Operation Mode selected, the rotax engine has a special oil distribution system that needs to be operated correctly before starting the engine: You need to rotate the prop manually until a bubbling noise heard from the engine. That means the oil pushed through all pipes. Then repeat this a second time. The number of rotations until the first bubbling noise is heardd epends on the Oil Temperature.

You can bypass this by selecting "Prepare for departure" on the EFB Walkaround page.

5LH Electrical Fuel PumpON, check advisory light ON and positive fuel press build up

6

LH Ignition switches

BOTH ON

7

LH Start pushbutton

PUSH

8

LH engine oil gauge

CHECK if increasing within 10 sec. (max 7 bar in cold operation)

9

LH Throttle lever

Advance to reach 1200 RPM

10

LH Choke

OFF

11

LH Field

ON

12

LH Avionics

ON

13

LH Cross bus

ON

14

LH Electrical fuel pump

OFF


Before Taxiing

1Engine WarmupLet the engines warm up to a minimum oil temperature of 50°C at 1200 RPM

2

Nav, Taxi and Landing lights

ON


Taxiing

1LH/RH Fuel SelectorAs required

2

LH and RH fuel pressure

Monitor

3

Parking Brake

Release

4

Flight Instruments

CHECK

5

Engine Instruments

CHECK

6

Altimeter

SET both and crosscheck max difference 150 ft

7

Brakes

TEST


Prior to Takeoff

1Parking BrakeENGAGED

2

RH Fuel Selector

RIGHT

3

LH Fuel Selector

LEFT

4

LH and RH fuel pressure

CHECK

5

LH and RH Engine parameters checks:

  • Oil temperature:

90o-100o C (or 50o + 130o C, if MOD2006/002 is applied)

  • CHT / CT:

50° - 135° / 120° C

  • Oil pressure:

2-5 bar (above 1400 RPM): 0.8 bar (below 1400 RPM)

  • Fuel pressure:

2.2 – 5.8 psi (0.15 - 0.40 bar) *2.2 – 7.26 psi (0.15 – 0.50 bar)

6

LH and RH Generator lights

CHECK BOTH OFF

7

LH and RH Propeller Lever

FULL FORWARD

8

LH and RH Throttle Lever

1650 RPM

9

RH Ignitions switches

Set L / R / BOTH (RPM drop with single ignition circuit selected must not exceed 130 prop’s RPM; maximum RPM difference by use of either circuits LEFT or RIGHT cannot overcome 50 RPM)

10

RH Propeller Lever

GOVERNOR CHECK a) Reduce prop speed to 1200 RPM; b) move propeller lever back to full forward position; c) repeat a) and b) 3 times; d) verify that the governor closely and firmly controls the RPM; e) verify that 1650 prop RPM are restored with prop lever in full forward position.

NOTE

Do not cause the propeller speed drop below 1150 RPM in any case.

11

RH Carburettor heat

ON, verify propeller RPM decreasing about 100 RPM

12

RH Carburettor heat

OFF

13

RH engine instruments

CHECK parameters if within green arcs

14

LH Ignitions switches

Set L / R / BOTH (RPM drop with single ignition circuit selected must not exceed 130 prop’s RPM; maximum RPM difference by use of either circuits LEFT or RIGHT cannot overcome 50 RPM)

15

LH Propeller Lever

GOVERNOR CHECK a) Reduce prop speed to 1200 RPM; b) move propeller lever back to full forward position; c) repeat a) and b) 3 times; d) verify that the governor closely and firmly controls the RPM; e) verify that 1650 prop RPM are restored with prop lever in full forward position.

NOTE

Do not cause the propeller speed drop below 1150 RPM in any case.

16

LH Carburettor heat

ON, verify propeller RPM decreasing about 100 RPM

17

LH Carburettor heat

OFF

18

LH engine instruments

CHECK parameters if within green arcs

19

LH and RH Fuel quantity indicator

CHECK consistent with fuel plan

20

Flaps

T/O or as required (see Take OFF performances)

21

Pitch trim and rudder trim

SET neutral position

22

Flight controls

Check free


Line-Up

1Parking BrakeRELEASE, check full in

2

Annunciator window

CHECK cautious and warnings OFF

3

RH Fuel Selector

RIGHT

4

LH Fuel Selector

LEFT

5

Pitot heat

as required

6

XPDR

SET ALT

7

Magnetic compass

CHECK

8

AHRS

CROSS CHECK


Takeoff and Climb

1Landing lightON

2

LH and RH Electrical Fuel pump

BOTH ON

3

Carburetors heat

CHECK OFF

4

LH and RH Propeller Lever

FULL FORWARD

5

LH and RH Throttle Lever

FULL POWER

6

Engines Instruments

Parameters within green arcs

7

Rotation speed

MTOW 1180 kg : Vr = 64 KIAS MTOW 1230 kg : Vr = 65 KIAS

8

Apply brakes to stop wheel spinning

9

Landing gear control knob

UP : check green lights and TRANS light turned OFF within about 20 seconds

10

Landing and taxi lights

OFF above 10,000 ft

11

LH and RH Propeller Lever

Set max cont power at safe altitude

Caution

Max take off power must be limited to 5 minutes. Reduce Throttles MAP power before retracting Propeller to 2200 RPM or below.

12

LH and RH Electrical Fuel Pump

BOTH OFF

Note

It is recommended to retract landing gear when a positive climb rate is ensured at the applicable best speed (VY or VX as necessary). It has been demonstrated that best climb rate is always obtained with flaps in UP position Noteworthily best climb gradient speed (VX )flaps UP is lower than best climb speed (VX )flaps T/O up to 6000 ft (density altitude).


Cruise

1LH and RH Propeller LeverSET to 1900-2250 RPM

Caution

Throttles MAP decrease should be made before propeller speed reduction below 2200 RPM, as, contrariwise, Propeller Lever increase RPM should be set before engine Throttle Levers are advanced.

2

Engine parameters check (LH and RH)

  • Oil temperature:

90o - 110oC (or 50o - 130oC, if MOD2006/002 is applied)

  • CHT/CT:

50o - 135o / 50o - 120oC

  • Oil pressure:

2 - 5 bar

  • Fuel pressure:

2.2 - 5.8 psi

3

Carburetor heat as needed.

Warning

Deselect and do not use Auto Pilot if possible icing condition area is inadvertently entered.

4

Fuel balance and crossfeed

check as necessary


Descent and Approach

1PropellerAs required

Note

In order to control engine cooling and life, it is preferable to descend with power above idle and RPM lower than full continuous.

2

Carburetors heat

As required

3

Altimeter setting

QNH set and crosscheck


Before Landing

1LH and RH Electrical Fuel pumpBOTH ON

2

On downwind leg:

  • MTOW 1180 kg : VFE = 119 KIAS

  • MTOW 1230 kg : VFE = 122 KIAS

Flaps T/O

3

Speed below applicable VLO/VLE

Landing gear control knob - DOWN Check green lights ON

4

Carburetors heat

CHECK OFF

5

LH and RH Propeller Lever

FULL FORWARD

6

On final leg : speed below 93 KIAS

Flaps FULL

7

Final Approach Speed

  • MTOW 1180 kg : VAPP = 70 KIAS

  • MTOW 1230 kg : VAPP = 71 KIAS

8

Landing and taxi light

ON

9

Touchdown speed

65 KIAS


Balked Landing/Missed Approach

1LH and RH Propeller LeverFULL FORWARD

2

LH and RH Throttle Lever

FULL POWER

Caution

Propeller Lever increase to max RPM should be attained before engine Throttle Levers are advanced to max take off power. Max take off power must be limited to 5 minutes

3

Flaps

T/O

4

Speed

Keep over 62 KIAS, climb to Vy or Vx as applicable

5

Landing gear

UP as positive climb is achieved

6

Flaps

UP

Note

It is recommended to retract landing gear when a positive climb rate is ensured at the applicable best speed (VY or VX as necessary). It has been demonstrated that best climb rate is always obtained with flaps in UP position. Noteworthily best climb gradient speed (VX) flaps UP is lower than best climb speed (VX) flaps T/O up to 6000 ft (density altitude).


After Landing

1LH and RH Electrical Fuel pumpBOTH OFF

2

Flaps

0o

3

Pitot Heat

OFF

4

Landing light

OFF when required


Parking/Shut Down

Note

It is always suggested to park the aircraft with the nose pointing into wind to improve cooling after shut down.

1Parking brakeEngage

2

Taxi light

OFF

3

Engines

Allow for cooling down 1 minute at idle power

4

Flaps

Check UP

5

Trims

Check neutral

Note

Ensure the engine is at its lowest possible idle speed before selecting ignitions off.

6

Ignition switches

Turn OFF one at a time

7

LH and RH AVIONICS BUS

OFF

8

LH and RH CROSS BUS

OFF

9

LH/RH Field

OFF

10

All external lights switches

OFF

11

Master switch

OFF

12

Emergency Battery / Emergency cockpit light

Check OFF


Postflight Checks

1

Protective cover for Pitot tubes,stall warning and static port plugs.

Install

2

Wheel chocks

Place under MLG