Section 3 - Normal Procedures
Airspeeds
Normal Operations
The following airspeeds are those which are significant for normal operations, with reference to 1180 kg MTOW.
FLAPS | MTOW 1180 kg | |
Rotation Speed (in takeoff, VR) | T/O | 64 KIAS |
Best Angle-of-Climb Speed (VX) | 0° | 73 KIAS |
Best Rate-of-Climb speed (VY) | 0° | 80 KIAS |
Approach speed | T/O | 90 KIAS |
Final Approach Speed | FULL | 70 KIAS |
Manoeuvring speed (VA) | 0° | 118 KIAS |
Never Exceed Speed (VNE) | 0° | 167 KIAS< |
Single Engine Training
VSE is a speed selected as training aid for pilots in the handling of multi-engine aircraft. It is the minimum speed for intentionally rendering on engine inoperative in flight. This minimum speed provides the margin the manufacturer recommends for us when intentionally performing engine inoperative manoeuvres during training. The best practice to perform single engine training is to retard one engine to the flight parameters equivalent to a dead engine.
A simulated feather condition is obtained with propeller lever full forward and throttle lever set at 13.5 in Hg MAP at 70-90 KIAS and 2000-4000 ft (density altitude).
Recommended safe simulated OEI speed (VSSE): 70 KIAS
Pre-Flight Check - Aircraft Walk-Around
Disclaimer
The following content is based on a real checklist of the aircraft type, but is adapted to the flight simulator version and therefore not to be used for real aviation.
To perform the aircraft walk-around, carry out the checklists according to the pattern shown in Figure below.
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| 1 | Fuel | Check whether fuel is sufficient for flight or not. |
|---|---|---|
Flaps | Check flap knob position with the actual flap position. | |
Flight Controls | Check flight controls movement with its corresponding Aileron/Elevator/Rudder. | |
Gear Indication | Check Gear Indication whether it's all 3 greens or not. | |
2 | LH Tire Inflation/Condition | Check left tire inflation/condition by clicking the tire. |
LH Wheel Chock | Remove left wheel chock by clicking the chock. | |
LH Propeller Rotation | Rotate the propeller until you hear a "burp" sound twice for a proper oil distribution. | |
3 | LH Aileron | Check the Aileron movement by clicking the aileron to ensure the aileron working properly. |
LH Tie-Down | Click the Tie-Down to remove it and stow it inside the aircraft. | |
4 | Elevator | Check the Elevator movement by clicking the aileron to ensure the aileron working properly. |
Rudder | Check the Rudder movement by clicking the aileron to ensure the aileron working properly. | |
5 | RH Aileron | Check the Aileron movement by clicking the aileron to ensure the aileron working properly. |
RH Tie-Down | Click the Tie-Down to remove it and stow it inside the aircraft. | |
6 | Tire Inflation/Condition | Check right tire inflation/condition by clicking the tire. |
RH Wheel Chock | Remove right wheel chock by clicking the chock. | |
RH Propeller Rotation | Rotate the propeller until you hear a "burp" sound twice for a proper oil distribution. | |
7 | Pitot Covers | Click the Pitot Cover both Left and Right side to remove it and stow it inside the aircraft. |
8 | Front Tire Inflation/Condition | Check front tire inflation/condition by clicking the tire. |
9 | Front Wheel Chock | Remove front wheel chock by clicking the chock. |
Cockpit Inspections
| 1 | Parking brake | CHECK ENGAGED |
|---|---|---|
2 | Weight and balance | CHECK if within the limits |
3 | PFD and MFD | CHECK clean |
4 | Doors | CLOSED |
5 | Landing gear control lever | CHECK DOWN |
6 | Breakers | All IN |
7 | MASTER SWITCH | ON |
8 | Fuel quantity | CHECK |
9 | RH fuel selector | RIGHT |
10 | LH fuel selector | LEFT |
11 | RH Electrical Fuel Pump | ON, check fuel pressure gauge correct operation. |
12 | RH Electrical Fuel pump | OFF, check pressure decreased at zero |
13 | LH Electrical Fuel Pump | ON, check fuel pressure gauge correct operation. |
14 | LH Electrical Fuel pump | OFF, check pressure decreased at zero |
15 | Strobe light | ON |
16 | Landing gear lights | TEST |
17 | ELT | CHECK set to ARM |
18 | Flight controls | CHECK free |
19 | Flaps | Operate control to FULL position. Verify extension. Retract flaps. |
20 | Pitch trim control | Set to neutral position. |
21 | Rudder trim control | Set to neutral position. |
22 | Eng. Starting Battery Voltmeter (if installed) | Check 12 to 14 Volt |
Engine Starting
Right engine starting | ||
1 | RH Throttle Lever | 1/3 open |
2 | RH Carburetor heat | OFF |
3 | RH Propeller Lever | FULL FORWARD |
4 | RH CHOKE | ON if required |
Realistic Operation Mode
If Realistic Operation Mode selected, the rotax engine has a special oil distribution system that needs to be operated correctly before starting the engine: You need to rotate the prop manually until a bubbling noise heard from the engine. That means the oil pushed through all pipes. Then repeat this a second time. The number of rotations until the first bubbling noise is heardd epends on the Oil Temperature.
You can bypass this by selecting "Prepare for departure" on the EFB Walkaround page.
| 5 | RH Electrical Fuel Pump | ON, check advisory light ON and positive fuel press build up |
|---|---|---|
6 | STROBES | ON |
7 | RH Ignition switches | BOTH ON |
8 | RH Start pushbutton | PUSH |
9 | RH engine oil gauge | CHECK if increasing within 10 sec. (max 7 bar in cold operation) |
10 | RH Throttle lever | Advance to reach 1200 RPM |
11 | RH Choke | OFF |
12 | RH Field | ON |
13 | RH Avionics | ON |
14 | RH Cross bus | ON |
15 | RH Electrical fuel pump | OFF |
Left engine starting | ||
1 | LH Throttle Lever | 1/3 open |
2 | LH Carburetor heat | OFF |
3 | LH Propeller Lever | FULL FORWARD |
4 | LH CHOKE | ON if required |
Realistic Operation Mode
If Realistic Operation Mode selected, the rotax engine has a special oil distribution system that needs to be operated correctly before starting the engine: You need to rotate the prop manually until a bubbling noise heard from the engine. That means the oil pushed through all pipes. Then repeat this a second time. The number of rotations until the first bubbling noise is heardd epends on the Oil Temperature.
You can bypass this by selecting "Prepare for departure" on the EFB Walkaround page.
| 5 | LH Electrical Fuel Pump | ON, check advisory light ON and positive fuel press build up |
|---|---|---|
6 | LH Ignition switches | BOTH ON |
7 | LH Start pushbutton | PUSH |
8 | LH engine oil gauge | CHECK if increasing within 10 sec. (max 7 bar in cold operation) |
9 | LH Throttle lever | Advance to reach 1200 RPM |
10 | LH Choke | OFF |
11 | LH Field | ON |
12 | LH Avionics | ON |
13 | LH Cross bus | ON |
14 | LH Electrical fuel pump | OFF |
Before Taxiing
| 1 | Engine Warmup | Let the engines warm up to a minimum oil temperature of 50°C at 1200 RPM |
|---|---|---|
2 | Nav, Taxi and Landing lights | ON |
Taxiing
| 1 | LH/RH Fuel Selector | As required |
|---|---|---|
2 | LH and RH fuel pressure | Monitor |
3 | Parking Brake | Release |
4 | Flight Instruments | CHECK |
5 | Engine Instruments | CHECK |
6 | Altimeter | SET both and crosscheck max difference 150 ft |
7 | Brakes | TEST |
Prior to Takeoff
| 1 | Parking Brake | ENGAGED |
|---|---|---|
2 | RH Fuel Selector | RIGHT |
3 | LH Fuel Selector | LEFT |
4 | LH and RH fuel pressure | CHECK |
5 | LH and RH Engine parameters checks: |
|
| 90o-100o C (or 50o + 130o C, if MOD2006/002 is applied) | |
| 50° - 135° / 120° C | |
| 2-5 bar (above 1400 RPM): 0.8 bar (below 1400 RPM) | |
| 2.2 – 5.8 psi (0.15 - 0.40 bar) *2.2 – 7.26 psi (0.15 – 0.50 bar) | |
6 | LH and RH Generator lights | CHECK BOTH OFF |
7 | LH and RH Propeller Lever | FULL FORWARD |
8 | LH and RH Throttle Lever | 1650 RPM |
9 | RH Ignitions switches | Set L / R / BOTH (RPM drop with single ignition circuit selected must not exceed 130 prop’s RPM; maximum RPM difference by use of either circuits LEFT or RIGHT cannot overcome 50 RPM) |
10 | RH Propeller Lever | GOVERNOR CHECK a) Reduce prop speed to 1200 RPM; b) move propeller lever back to full forward position; c) repeat a) and b) 3 times; d) verify that the governor closely and firmly controls the RPM; e) verify that 1650 prop RPM are restored with prop lever in full forward position. |
NOTE Do not cause the propeller speed drop below 1150 RPM in any case. | ||
11 | RH Carburettor heat | ON, verify propeller RPM decreasing about 100 RPM |
12 | RH Carburettor heat | OFF |
13 | RH engine instruments | CHECK parameters if within green arcs |
14 | LH Ignitions switches | Set L / R / BOTH (RPM drop with single ignition circuit selected must not exceed 130 prop’s RPM; maximum RPM difference by use of either circuits LEFT or RIGHT cannot overcome 50 RPM) |
15 | LH Propeller Lever | GOVERNOR CHECK a) Reduce prop speed to 1200 RPM; b) move propeller lever back to full forward position; c) repeat a) and b) 3 times; d) verify that the governor closely and firmly controls the RPM; e) verify that 1650 prop RPM are restored with prop lever in full forward position. |
NOTE Do not cause the propeller speed drop below 1150 RPM in any case. | ||
16 | LH Carburettor heat | ON, verify propeller RPM decreasing about 100 RPM |
17 | LH Carburettor heat | OFF |
18 | LH engine instruments | CHECK parameters if within green arcs |
19 | LH and RH Fuel quantity indicator | CHECK consistent with fuel plan |
20 | Flaps | T/O or as required (see Take OFF performances) |
21 | Pitch trim and rudder trim | SET neutral position |
22 | Flight controls | Check free |
Line-Up
| 1 | Parking Brake | RELEASE, check full in |
|---|---|---|
2 | Annunciator window | CHECK cautious and warnings OFF |
3 | RH Fuel Selector | RIGHT |
4 | LH Fuel Selector | LEFT |
5 | Pitot heat | as required |
6 | XPDR | SET ALT |
7 | Magnetic compass | CHECK |
8 | AHRS | CROSS CHECK |
Takeoff and Climb
| 1 | Landing light | ON |
|---|---|---|
2 | LH and RH Electrical Fuel pump | BOTH ON |
3 | Carburetors heat | CHECK OFF |
4 | LH and RH Propeller Lever | FULL FORWARD |
5 | LH and RH Throttle Lever | FULL POWER |
6 | Engines Instruments | Parameters within green arcs |
7 | Rotation speed | MTOW 1180 kg : Vr = 64 KIAS MTOW 1230 kg : Vr = 65 KIAS |
8 | Apply brakes to stop wheel spinning |
|
9 | Landing gear control knob | UP : check green lights and TRANS light turned OFF within about 20 seconds |
10 | Landing and taxi lights | OFF above 10,000 ft |
11 | LH and RH Propeller Lever | Set max cont power at safe altitude |
Caution Max take off power must be limited to 5 minutes. Reduce Throttles MAP power before retracting Propeller to 2200 RPM or below. | ||
12 | LH and RH Electrical Fuel Pump | BOTH OFF |
Note
It is recommended to retract landing gear when a positive climb rate is ensured at the applicable best speed (VY or VX as necessary). It has been demonstrated that best climb rate is always obtained with flaps in UP position Noteworthily best climb gradient speed (VX )flaps UP is lower than best climb speed (VX )flaps T/O up to 6000 ft (density altitude).
Cruise
| 1 | LH and RH Propeller Lever | SET to 1900-2250 RPM |
|---|---|---|
Caution Throttles MAP decrease should be made before propeller speed reduction below 2200 RPM, as, contrariwise, Propeller Lever increase RPM should be set before engine Throttle Levers are advanced. | ||
2 | Engine parameters check (LH and RH) | |
|
| 90o - 110oC (or 50o - 130oC, if MOD2006/002 is applied) |
|
| 50o - 135o / 50o - 120oC |
|
| 2 - 5 bar |
|
| 2.2 - 5.8 psi |
3 | Carburetor heat as needed. |
|
Warning Deselect and do not use Auto Pilot if possible icing condition area is inadvertently entered. | ||
4 | Fuel balance and crossfeed | check as necessary |
Descent and Approach
| 1 | Propeller | As required |
|---|---|---|
Note In order to control engine cooling and life, it is preferable to descend with power above idle and RPM lower than full continuous. | ||
2 | Carburetors heat | As required |
3 | Altimeter setting | QNH set and crosscheck |
Before Landing
| 1 | LH and RH Electrical Fuel pump | BOTH ON |
|---|---|---|
2 | On downwind leg:
| Flaps T/O |
3 | Speed below applicable VLO/VLE | Landing gear control knob - DOWN Check green lights ON |
4 | Carburetors heat | CHECK OFF |
5 | LH and RH Propeller Lever | FULL FORWARD |
6 | On final leg : speed below 93 KIAS | Flaps FULL |
7 | Final Approach Speed |
|
8 | Landing and taxi light | ON |
9 | Touchdown speed | 65 KIAS |
Balked Landing/Missed Approach
| 1 | LH and RH Propeller Lever | FULL FORWARD |
|---|---|---|
2 | LH and RH Throttle Lever | FULL POWER |
Caution Propeller Lever increase to max RPM should be attained before engine Throttle Levers are advanced to max take off power. Max take off power must be limited to 5 minutes | ||
3 | Flaps | T/O |
4 | Speed | Keep over 62 KIAS, climb to Vy or Vx as applicable |
5 | Landing gear | UP as positive climb is achieved |
6 | Flaps | UP |
Note It is recommended to retract landing gear when a positive climb rate is ensured at the applicable best speed (VY or VX as necessary). It has been demonstrated that best climb rate is always obtained with flaps in UP position. Noteworthily best climb gradient speed (VX) flaps UP is lower than best climb speed (VX) flaps T/O up to 6000 ft (density altitude). |
After Landing
| 1 | LH and RH Electrical Fuel pump | BOTH OFF |
|---|---|---|
2 | Flaps | 0o |
3 | Pitot Heat | OFF |
4 | Landing light | OFF when required |
Parking/Shut Down
Note
It is always suggested to park the aircraft with the nose pointing into wind to improve cooling after shut down.
| 1 | Parking brake | Engage |
|---|---|---|
2 | Taxi light | OFF |
3 | Engines | Allow for cooling down 1 minute at idle power |
4 | Flaps | Check UP |
5 | Trims | Check neutral |
Note Ensure the engine is at its lowest possible idle speed before selecting ignitions off. | ||
6 | Ignition switches | Turn OFF one at a time |
7 | LH and RH AVIONICS BUS | OFF |
8 | LH and RH CROSS BUS | OFF |
9 | LH/RH Field | OFF |
10 | All external lights switches | OFF |
11 | Master switch | OFF |
12 | Emergency Battery / Emergency cockpit light | Check OFF |
Postflight Checks
1 | Protective cover for Pitot tubes,stall warning and static port plugs. | Install |
2 | Wheel chocks | Place under MLG |